Tips for Finding Alternate Surname Spellings and Variations

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Changes and variations in surname spellings are of utmost importance to genealogists, as it is likely that many records are missed when only one form of the family surname is considered. Thinking creatively is often required when it comes to finding your ancestors in indexes and records. Many genealogists, both beginner and advanced, fail in the quest for their ancestors because they don't take the time to search for anything other than the obvious spelling variants. Don't let that happen to you.

Looking for records under alternative surnames and spellings may help you to find records you have previously overlooked and even lead you to new stories for your family tree. Get inspired when searching for alternative surname spellings with these tips.

01
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Say the Surname Out Loud

Sound out the surname and then try to spell it phonetically. Ask friends and relatives to do the same, as different people may come up with different possibilities. Children are especially good at providing you with unbiased opinions because they tend to spell phonetically anyway. Use the Phonetic Substitutes Table at FamilySearch as a guide.

Example: BEHLE, BAILEY

02
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Add a Silent 'H'

Surnames that begin with a vowel may be found with a silent "H" added to the front. The silent "H" also can often be found hiding after the initial consonant.

Example: AYRE, HEYR or CRISP, CHRISP

03
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Look for Other Silent Letters

Other silent letters such as "E" and "Y" may also come and go from the spelling of a particular surname.

Example: MARK, MARKE

04
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Try Different Vowels

Search for the name spelled with different vowels, especially when the surname begins with a vowel. This happens most often when the substitute vowel will yield a similar pronunciation.

Example: INGALLS, ENGELS

05
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Add or Remove an Ending 'S'

Even if your family usually spells your surname with an ending "S," you should always look under the singular version, and vice versa. Surnames with and without an ending "S" often have different Soundex phonetic codes, so it is important to try both names or use a wildcard in place of the ending "S," where allowed, even when using Soundex search.

Example: OWENS, OWEN

06
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Watch for Letter Transpositions

Letter transpositions, especially common in transcribed records and compiled indexes, are another spelling error that may make it hard to find your ancestors. Look for transpositions that still create a recognizable surname.

Example: CRISP, CRIPS

07
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Consider Possible Typing Errors

Typos are a fact of life in almost any transcription. Search for the name with double letters added or deleted.

Example: FULLER, FULER

Try the name with dropped letters.

Example: KOTH, KOT

And don't forget about adjacent letters on a keyboard.

Example: JAPP, KAPP

08
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Add or Remove Suffixes or Superlatives

Try adding or removing prefixes, suffixes, and superlatives to the base surname to come up with new surname possibilities. Where wildcard search is allowed, look for the root name followed by the wildcard character.

Example: GOLD, GOLDSCHMIDT, GOLDSMITH, GOLDSTEIN

09
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Look for Commonly Misread Letters

Old handwriting is often a challenge to read. Use the "Commonly Misread Letters Table" at FamilySearch to find letters that were possibly substituted in the spelling of the name.

Example: CARTER, GARTER, EARTER, CAETER, CASTER

10
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Consider Name Changes

Think of ways your ancestor's name may have changed, and then look for his or her name under those spellings. If you suspect the name was anglicized, use a dictionary to translate the surname back into the native language of your ancestor.

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Your Citation
Powell, Kimberly. "Tips for Finding Alternate Surname Spellings and Variations." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/finding-alternate-surname-spellings-and-variations-1422189. Powell, Kimberly. (2023, April 5). Tips for Finding Alternate Surname Spellings and Variations. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/finding-alternate-surname-spellings-and-variations-1422189 Powell, Kimberly. "Tips for Finding Alternate Surname Spellings and Variations." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/finding-alternate-surname-spellings-and-variations-1422189 (accessed March 29, 2024).